1. Which of the following does not constitute a ground for discrimination under Article 15 and 16 of the Indian Constitution?
(A) Religion
(B) Caste
(C) Place of Birth
(D) Colour
Answer: (D)
2. Concept of ‘Universal Jurisdiction’ is founded on which principles?
(A) Vienna
(B) Princeton
(C) The Hague
(D) Delhi Declaration
Answer: (B)
3. Who may be ‘right-obligator’’ for the purpose of human rights?
(A) Husband
(B) Mother-in-law
(C) Port Trust of India
(D) Boy Friend
Answer: (C)
4. Which School of Thought propounds the ‘Theory of common Father and common Brother-hood?
(A) Theology
(B) Sociology
(C) Marxism
(D) Utilitarianism ü
Answer: (A)
5. Mention the number of instruments included in the concept of the International Bill of Rights?
(A) Four
(B) Six
(C) Three
(D) Five
Answer: (D)
6. ‘Maximum good of the maximum number’ is the foundational maxim of which of the following theories of human rights?
(A) Social Contract Theory
(B) Utilitarian Theory
(C) Marxian Theory
(D) Positivist Theory
Answer: (B)
7. Positive law concept of human rights stands for
(A) Customary laws
(B) Theological laws
(C) State made laws
(D) Natural laws
Answer: (C)
8. In which of the following Conferences, ‘Asian Values’ approach to human rights was first emphatically expressed?
(A) Tehran Conference
(B) Vienna Conference
(C) Rio Conference
(D) Beijing Conference
Answer: (B)
9. ‘Leiber Code’ dealt with
(A) Status of Refugees
(B) Rights of Women
(C) Laws of War
(D) Third Generation of Human Rights
Answer: (C)
10. Who of the following is a prominent proponent of Marxian perspective on Human Rights?
(A) Thomas Hobbes
(B) Leo Tolstoy
(C) Thomas Paine
(D) Rosa Luxemberg
Answer: (D)
11. Which Schedule of the Constitution of India lists languages which have official status?
(A) Fifth
(B) Seventh
(C) Eight
(D) Eleventh
Answer: (C)
12. The idea of Cultural Hegemony is associated with
(A) Antonio Gramsci
(B) Matteo Bartoli
(C) Vladimir Lenin
(D) G. Sorel
Answer: (A)
13. The International Criminal Court is located at
(A) Paris
(B) Geneva
(C) The Hague
(D) Brussels
Answer: (C)
14. Who of the following headed the Sub-commission on Minorities at the time of framing of the Constitution of India?
(A) H.C. Mukherjee
(B) K.M. Munshi
(C) Maulana Azad
(D) Begum Aizaz Rasul
Answer: (A)
15. Who is the author of the book ‘Common Sense’?
(A) John Adams
(B) Ruskin Bond
(C) Benjamin Franklin
(D) Thomas Paine
Answer: (D)
16. Safeguarding of forest is insured by which Article of the Indian Constitution?
(A) Article – 47
(B) Article – 48
(C) Article – 48–A
(D) Article – 43-A
Answer: (C)
17. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCHR) is located at
(A) London
(B) Geneva
(C) Paris
(D) Bonn
Answer: (B)
18. The Directive Principles of State Policy have been given in the Indian Constitution.
(A) Part – III
(B) Part – II
(C) Part – XIII
(D) Part – IV
Answer: (D)
19. When Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was made?
(A) 10th December 1948
(B) 8th August 1956
(C) 20th June 1950
(D) 10th November 1942
Answer: (A)
20. International Conference on Human Rights was held at Tehran in
(A) 1950
(B) 1956
(C) 1968
(D) 1980
Answer: (C)
21. Assertion (A): There are so many theories of human rights, yet the idea of human rights remain unexplored to a large extent.
Reason (R): Human rights deal with the subjective realm of human life that can never be explored fully.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect.
(D) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
Answer: (A)
22. Assertion (A): Human Rights are those conditions of life without which a life with dignity will not be possible.
Reason (R): Securing a life with dignity is the declared objective of the modern State.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect.
(D) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
Answer: (B)
23. Assertion (A): International Human Rights Declarations are normative in nature.
Reason (R): International Human Rights Declarations are not binding.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect.
(D) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
Answer: (B)
24. Assertion (A): Right to constitutional remedy is to ensure the enjoyment of Fundamental Rights to the people.
Reason (R): Fundamental Rights are justiciable.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect.
(D) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
Answer: (B)
25. Assertion (A): Classification of Human Rights into three generations is both illogical and Euro-centric.
Reason (R): Human Rights are indivisible.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect.
(D) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
Answer: (B)
26. Assertion (A): Women and children are entitled to special protection under International Human Rights Law.
Reason (R): Women and children are dominant groups in most societies.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect.
(D) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
Answer: (C)
27. Assertion (A): Human Rights are inherent in all human-beings by virtue of their humanity alone.
Reason (R): Human Rights are natural.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect.
(D) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
Answer: (A)
28. Assertion (A): Article 14 guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of the law to all persons.
Reason (R): It means that no one is above the law and that every person regardless of rank and status is subject to the jurisdiction of ordinary courts.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect.
(D) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
Answer: (A)
29. Assertion (A): Human rights are more in the nature of social and economic right than political and constitutional rights.
Reason (R): A large population in the world is poor and needs social security.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect.
(D) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
Answer: (D)
30. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
List – I List – II
a. Right to Life i. Collective Right
b. Right to Work ii. Civil Right
c. Right to get Elected iii. Economic Right
d. Right to safe environment iv. Political Right
Codes:
a b c d
(A) ii iii iv i
(B) i ii iii iv
(C) iii ii i iv
(D) ii iii i iv
Answer: (A)
31. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
List – I (Ideologies) List – II (Proponents)
a. Conservative i. John Locke
b. Liberal ii. Edmund Burke
c. Utilitarian iii. Antonio Gramsci
d. Socialist iv. Jeremy Bentham
Codes:
a b c d
(A) ii i iv iii
(B) ii i iii iv
(C) iv ii i iii
(D) i iii iv ii
Answer: (A)
32. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
List – I (Philosophers) List – II (Books)
a. Bentham i. Leviathan
b. Burke ii. Anarchical Fallacies
c. Hobbes iii. Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals
d. Kant iv. Reflections on the Revolution in France
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iv iii i ii
(B) iii iv i ii
(C) ii iv i iii
(D) iii i iv ii
Answer: (C)
33. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
List – I (Rights) List – II (Article under ICCPR)
a. Minority Rights i. Art. 14
b. Self-determination ii. Art. 2
c. Non-derogation iii. Art. 27
d. Right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty iv. Art. 4
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i ii iii iv
(B) iii ii iv i
(C) iv iii ii i
(D) iii ii i iv
Answer: (B)
34. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
List – I List – II
a. Maneka Gandhi i. PUCL
b. Sunderlal Bahuguna ii. Judicial Activism
c. P.N. Bhagwati iii. Environmental Rights
d. Rajinder Sachar iv. Animal Rights
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iii iv i ii
(B) ii iii i iv
(C) iv iii ii i
(D) i ii iii iv
Answer: (C)
35. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
List – I (Books) List – II (Authors)
a. Rights of Man i. Antonio Gramsci
b. The Subjection of Women ii. Tolstoy
c. Prison Notebooks iii. Thomas Paine
d. War and Peace iv. J.S. Mill
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iii iv i ii
(B) ii iii i iv
(C) iv iii ii i
(D) i ii iii iv
Answer: (A)
36. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
List – I List – II
a. The Dowry Prohibition Act i. 1986
b. Muslim Women’s Protection of Rights on Divorce Act ii. 1955
c. Untouchability Offence Act iii. 1961
d. The Protection of Human Rights Act iv. 1993
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iii i ii iv
(B) i ii iv iii
(C) ii i iii iv
(D) iv ii iii i
Answer: (A)
37. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
List – I List – II
a. Right to Education i. Article – 14
b. Prohibits Traffic in Human beings and Forced Labour ii. Article – 21
c. Right to Life iii. Article – 23
d. Right to Equality iv. Article – 21A
Codes:
a b c d
(A) iv iii ii i
(B) iii ii i iv
(C) ii i iii iv
(D) i iii iv ii
Answer: (A)
38. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
List – I List – II
a. 1960 i. The Geneva Convention Act
b. 1986 ii. The Juvenile Justice Act
c. 1987 iii. The Sati (Prevention) Act
d. 1955 iv. Hindu Marriage Act
Codes:
a b c d
(A) ii iii iv i
(B) i ii iii iv
(C) iv i ii iii
(D) iii iv i ii
Answer: (B)
39. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
List – I List – II
a. Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women i. 1979
b. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ii. 1989
c. International Convention on Rights of Child iii. 1966
d. International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid
iv. 1969
Codes:
a b c d
(A) i iii ii iv
(B) ii iii iv i
(C) iii i ii iv
(D) iv ii iii i
Answer: (A)
40. Arrange the following thinkers in order of their era:
(i) J.S. Mill
(ii) Rosa Luxemberg
(iii) Karl Marx
(iv) A.V. Diecy
Codes:
(A) (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
(B) (ii), (i), (iii), (iv)
(C) (i), (iii), (iv), (ii)
(D) (iii), (iv), (ii), (i)
Answer: (C)
41. Arrange the following regional human rights treaties in order of their adoption:
(i) African Charter on Human and People’s Rights
(ii) American Convention on Human Rights
(iii) European Convention on Human Rights
(iv) European Social Charter
Codes:
(A) (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
(B) (ii), (i), (iii), (iv)
(C) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
(D) (iii), (iv), (ii), (i)
Answer: (D)
42. Arrange the following in order of their establishment:
(i) International Criminal Court
(ii) International Military Tribunal
(iii) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslovia
(iv) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
Codes:
(A) (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
(B) (ii), (iii), (iv), (i)
(C) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
(D) (iii), (iv), (ii), (i)
Answer: (B)
43. Arrange the names of Chairpersons of the National Human Rights Commission in sequence of their appointment with the help of codes given below:
(i) A.S. Anand
(ii) S. Rajendra Babu
(iii) Rangnath Misra
(iv) K.G. Balakrishnan
Codes:
(A) (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
(B) (ii), (i), (iii), (iv)
(C) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
(D) (iii), (i), (ii), (iv)
Answer: (D)
44. Arrange the following international organizations in order of their establishment using the codes given below:
(i) ICRC
(ii) UNHCR
(iii) UNESCO
(iv) ILO
Codes:
(A) (i), (iv), (iii), (ii)
(B) (ii), (iii), (i), (iv)
(C) (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
(D) (iii), (i), (ii), (iv)
Answer: (A)
45. Arrange the following landmark declaration on human rights in the chronological order:
(i) American Declaration of Rights
(ii) Soviet Charter of Rights
(iii) English Bill of Rights
(iv) French Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizens
Codes:
(A) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
(B) (iv), (ii), (i), (iii)
(C) (ii), (i), (iv), (iii)
(D) (iii), (i), (iv), (ii)
Answer: (D)
Question Nos. 46 – 50: Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow, based on your understanding of the passage:
The development of human rights in the West can largely be traced through legal documents and philosophical discourse, originating around the seventeenth century. The earliest example of conceptions of freedom and rights in codified form is Hammurabi’s Code, ‘dating back at least to 1750 BC, when Hammurabi, King of Babylonia, consolidated regulations taken from the kingdoms he had conquered. A uniform code of justice was created covering the areas of commerce, slavery, family, crime, and debts. The laws were carved in stone and on clay tablets, presumably to inform literate citizens of their rights and responsibilities. Since that time, arguments both for and against the concepts of rights and freedom in the West and in Judeo- Christian tradition have been documented in such writings as the Torah (first five books of the Old Testament), the New Testament, the Magna Carta, the Treaty of Westphalia, the English Bill of Rights, the United States Declaration of Independence, the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, the United States Bill of Rights, and internationally in the Geneva Convention of 1864.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) emerged as a reaction to the atrocities and oppression caused by the Second World War. Apart from detailing the rights and freedoms of individuals for the first time, it was the first international acknowledgement of the ‘inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family as the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world’. [Note that the Genocide
Convention predated the UDHR by two days.] The UDHR emphasized that ‘a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization’ of the rights contained therein. About fifty-eight states representing diverse cultures and beliefs and at different stages of development were involved in the drafting process. Along with the Soviet block, the insertion of social and economic rights in the UDHR is attributable to several ‘Third World States’ in Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East. The UDHR contained rights that were culturally and politically acceptable to most countries across the world, thereby imparting a universal character to the Declaration. The Indian Constitution, in fact, exemplifies the ‘common understanding’ of basic human rights as it incorporates the principles outlined in the UDHR in the form of Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy.
The UDHR is premised on the principle of universality and non-discrimination. As it was in the form of a declaration it was not binding on its signatories. However, upon its adoption, the Commission on Human Rights (which was appointed by the Economic and Social Council of the UN) began to formulate a treaty that would be binding on States, so as to realize effectively the rights recognized by the UDHR. In 1966, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). These two covenants, the Optional Protocols, along with the UDHR, formed the International Bill of Rights.
The International Bill of Rights has laid the foundation for formulation and adoption of human rights treaties and has incorporated concerns relating to equality, non-discrimination, education, health, social security, administration of justice, social development, violence against women, and the status of refugees and minorities.
Answer: (D)
46. Mention the genesis of the western philosophy of human rights.
(A) Common Law School
(B) Continental School
(C) Legal documents and philosophical discourse
(D) Euro-centric countries
47. Mention the probable domain of human rights violations.
(A) Domestic violence
(B) Slavery
(C) Acid throw on the face of female
(D) Sexual assault
Answer: (B)
48. Mention the name of the instrument which sets international standards of human rights.
(A) Geneva Convention
(B) European Convention on Human
(C) African Charter on Human Rights & People’s Rights
(D) Arab Charter on Human Rights
Answer: (A)
49. Which international event resulted into the beginning of the international movement of the contemporary concept of human rights?
(A) Incidents of Discrimination
(B) Inhuman Treatment during Tudor’s period
(C) Slavery
(D) World War II
Answer: (D)
50. Name the basic international instrument, which does not carry binding effect.
(A) Magna Carta
(B) CEDAW
(C) Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948
(D) Geneva Conventions
Answer: (C)